서 론
1. 연구의 필요성
연구 방법
2. 연구 대상
3. 연구 도구
2) 임상적 특성
4) 간호중재
4. 자료 수집
5. 자료 분석
연구 결과
1. 대상자의 임상적 특성
Table 1.
Variables | Categories | n (%) | M±SD | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
Age | <40 | 24 (20.0) | 52.25±16.24 | 18 | 89 |
40-49 | 22 (18.3) | ||||
50-59 | 34 (28.3) | ||||
≥60 | 40 (33.4) | ||||
Sex | Male | 87 (72.5) | |||
Female | 33 (27.5) | ||||
Admission route | Visited directly | 76 (63.3) | |||
Transferred | 44 (36.7) | ||||
Admission mode | 119 ambulance | 70 (58.3) | |||
Other ambulance | 38 (31.7) | ||||
Air ambulance | 12 (10.0) | ||||
Type of injury | Accident | 114 (95.0) | |||
Self-harm | 4 (3.3) | ||||
Unknown | 2 (1.7) | ||||
Mechanism of injury | Traffic accident | 68 (56.7) | |||
Fall | 37 (30.8) | ||||
Other | 15 (12.5) | ||||
Vital sign | |||||
Systolic BP | <90 mmHg | 2 (1.7) | 138.09±23.87 | 86 | 227 |
≥90 mmHg | 118 (98.3) | ||||
Pulse | <120 | 99 (82.5) | 91.99±20.40 | 63 | 155 |
≥120 | 21 (17.5) | ||||
Respiration rate | 10-29 | 97 (80.8) | 22.63±6.34 | 11 | 45 |
≥30 | 23 (19.2) | ||||
Level of consciousness | Alert | 93 (77.5) | |||
Drowsy | 17 (14.2) | ||||
Below stupor | 10 (8.3) | ||||
Glasgow Coma Scale | 14.05±1.97 | 7 | 15 | ||
Area of thoracic injury† | Parenchyma of lung and pleura | 115 (95.8) | |||
Thoracic wall | 77 (64.2) | ||||
Tissue in mediastinum | 5 (4.2) | ||||
Number of other injury | Only thoracic injury | 4 (3.3) | 2.34±0.86 | 0 | 5 |
Thoracic injury with 1 other injury | 6 (5.0) | ||||
Thoracic injury with above 2 other injury | 110 (91.7) | ||||
Area of other injury† | Limbs and pelvis | 99 (82.5) | |||
Abdomen | 61 (50.8) | ||||
Head and neck | 50 (41.7) | ||||
Facial | 36 (30.0) | ||||
External | 35 (29.2) | ||||
Thoracic AIS‡ | 3 | 97 (80.8) | 3.13±0.43 | 3 | 6 |
≥4 | 23 (19.2) | ||||
ISS§ | 17.81±5.49 | 16 | 75 | ||
Performed tests† | Blood test | 120 (100.0) | |||
X-ray | 120 (100.0) | ||||
Sonography | 119 (99.2) | ||||
CT | 117 (97.5) | ||||
EKG | 105 (87.5) | ||||
Transfusion | Yes | 11 (9.2) | |||
No | 109 (90.8) | ||||
Opertation | Yes | 8 (6.7) | |||
No | 112 (93.3) | ||||
Length of stay in trauma-bay (min) | 32.85±12.50 | 13 | 84 |
2. 간호중재별 빈도 분포
Table 2.
Nursing intervention | n (%) | Nursing intervention | n (%) |
---|---|---|---|
|
|||
Vital signs monitoring | 120 (100.0) | Pain management | 47 (39.2) |
Bedside laboratory testing | 120 (100.0) | Health care information exchange | 45 (37.5) |
Positioning: neurologic | 120 (100.0) | Fluid resuscitation | 38 (31.7) |
Intravenous (IV) therapy | 120 (100.0) | Splinting | 38 (31.7) |
Phlebotomy: venous blood sample | 120 (100.0) | Medication administration : intradermal | 35 (29.2) |
Transport: intrafacility | 120 (100.0) | Invasive hemodynamic monitoring | 30 (25.0) |
Transport | 120 (100.0) | Urinary catheterization | 30 (25.0) |
Trauma team activation(TTA)† | 120 (100.0) | Sedation management | 28 (23.3) |
Neurologic monitoring | 120 (100.0) | Tube care: chest | 18 (15.0) |
Fluid monitoring | 120 (100.0) | Respiratory monitoring | 16 (13.3) |
Fall prevention | 120 (100.0) | Artificial airway management | 16 (13.3) |
Documentation | 120 (100.0) | Tube care: gastrointestinal | 16 (13.3) |
Technology management | 120 (100.0) | Airway suctioning | 16 (13.3) |
Examination assistance | 120 (100.0) | Mechanical ventilation management: invasive | 16 (13.3) |
Health screening | 120 (100.0) | Airway insertion and stabilization | 13 (10.8) |
Family presence facilitation | 120 (100.0) | Support of transportation by helicopter† | 12 (10.0) |
Dressing | 118 (98.3) | Central venous access device management | 12 (10.0) |
Oxygen therapy | 118 (98.3) | Blood product administration | 11 (9.2) |
Temperature regulation | 117 (97.5) | Allergy management | 10 (8.3) |
Admission care | 117 (97.5) | Laboratory data interpretation | 9 (7.5) |
Surveillance | 115 (95.8) | Surgical preparation | 6 (5.0) |
Specimen management | 113 (94.2) | Patient identification | 5 (4.2) |
Wound care | 112 (93.3) | Analgesic administration | 4 (3.3) |
Teaching: procedure/treatment | 110 (91.7) | Support for transcatheter embolization† | 2 (1.7) |
Emergency care | 108 (90.0) | Resuscitation | 2 (1.7) |
Tube care: urinary | 106 (88.3) | Medication administration: intramuscular | 1 (0.8) |
Patient rights protection | 105 (87.5) | Self-care assistance: toileting | 1 (0.8) |
Skin surveillance | 102 (85.0) | Pressure ulcer prevention | 1 (0.8) |
Physician support | 97 (80.8) | Nausea management | 1 (0.8) |
Intravenous (IV) insertion | 96 (80.0) | Readiness for resuscitative thoracotomy† | 1 (0.8) |
Traction/Immobilization care | 93 (77.5) | Airway management | 1 (0.8) |
Urinary elimination management | 83 (69.2) | Endotracheal extubation | 1 (0.8) |
Medication administration : intravenous | 56 (46.7) | Teaching: preoperative | 1 (0.8) |
3. 대상자의 활력징후 안정 여부에 따른 간호중재 비교
Table 3.
Nursing intervention | n | Vital sign-stable (n=78) | Vital sign-unstable (n=42) | χ2 (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
n (%) | n (%) | |||
|
||||
Dressing† | 118 | 76 (97.4) | 42 (100.0) | 1.10 (.541) |
Oxygen therapy† | 118 | 77 (98.7) | 41 (97.6) | 0.20 (.999) |
Temperature regulation† | 117 | 75 (96.2) | 42 (100.0) | 1.66 (.551) |
Admission care† | 117 | 75 (96.2) | 42 (100.0) | 1.66 (.551) |
Surveillance† | 115 | 73 (93.6) | 42 (100.0) | 2.81 (.161) |
Specimen management† | 113 | 73 (93.6) | 40 (95.2) | 0.14 (.999) |
Wound care† | 112 | 71 (91.0) | 41 (97.6) | 1.91 (.258) |
Teaching: procedure/treatment† | 110 | 72 (92.3) | 38 (90.5) | 0.12 (.739) |
Emergency care† | 108 | 69 (88.5) | 39 (92.9) | 0.59 (.538) |
Tube care: urinary† | 106 | 66 (84.6) | 40 (95.2) | 2.99 (.134) |
Patient rights protection | 105 | 65 (83.3) | 40 (95.2) | 3.54 (.060) |
Skin surveillance | 102 | 65 (83.3) | 37 (88.1) | 0.49 (.486) |
Physician support | 97 | 58 (74.4) | 39 (92.9) | 6.03 (.014) |
Intravenous (IV) insertion | 96 | 64 (82.1) | 32 (76.2) | 0.59 (.444) |
Traction/Immobilization care | 93 | 60 (76.9) | 33 (78.6) | 0.04 (.837) |
Urinary elimination management | 83 | 51 (65.4) | 32 (76.2) | 1.50 (.221) |
Medication administration: intravenous | 56 | 33 (42.3) | 23 (54.8) | 1.70 (.192) |
Pain management | 47 | 28 (35.9) | 19 (45.2) | 1.00 (.317) |
Health care information exchange | 45 | 32 (41.0) | 13 (31.0) | 1.18 (.277) |
Fluid resuscitation | 38 | 17 (21.8) | 21 (50.0) | 10.04 (.002) |
Splinting | 38 | 26 (33.3) | 12 (28.6) | 0.29 (.593) |
Medication administration: intradermal | 35 | 25 (32.1) | 10 (23.8) | 0.90 (.343) |
Invasive hemodynamic monitoring | 30 | 11 (14.1) | 19 (45.2) | 14.12 (<.001) |
Urinary catheterization | 30 | 22 (28.2) | 8 (19.0) | 1.22 (.269) |
Sedation management | 28 | 11 (14.1) | 17 (40.5) | 10.62 (.001) |
Tube care: chest | 18 | 5 (6.4) | 13 (31.0) | 12.90 (<.001) |
Respiratory monitoring | 16 | 2 (2.6) | 14 (33.3) | 22.37 (<.001) |
Artificial airway management | 16 | 2 (2.6) | 14 (33.3) | 22.37 (<.001) |
Tube care: gastrointestinal | 16 | 3 (3.8) | 13 (31.0) | 17.36 (<.001) |
Airway suctioning | 16 | 3 (3.8) | 13 (31.0) | 17.36 (<.001) |
Mechanical ventilation management: invasive | 16 | 2 (2.6) | 14 (33.3) | 22.37 (<.001) |
Airway insertion and stabilization† | 13 | 1 (1.3) | 12 (28.6) | 21.05 (<.001) |
Support of transportation by helicopter† | 12 | 4 (5.1) | 8 (19.0) | 5.88 (.024) |
Central venous access device management† | 12 | 5 (6.4) | 7 (16.7) | 3.19 (.109) |
Blood product administration† | 11 | 3 (3.8) | 8 (19.0) | 7.58 (.016) |
Allergy management† | 10 | 3 (3.8) | 7 (16.7) | 5.87 (.032) |
Laboratory data interpretation† | 9 | 4 (5.1) | 5 (11.9) | 1.81 (.274) |
Surgical preparation† | 6 | 1 (1.3) | 5 (11.9) | 6.49 (.020) |
Patient identification† | 5 | 1 (1.3) | 4 (9.5) | 4.64 (.050) |
Analgesic administration† | 4 | 4 (5.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2.23 (.296) |
Support for transcatheter embolization† | 2 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.8) | 3.78 (.121) |
Resuscitation† | 2 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.8) | 3.78 (.121) |
Medication administration: intramuscular† | 1 | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.54 (1.000) |
Self-care assistance: toileting† | 1 | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.54 (1.000) |
Pressure ulcer prevention† | 1 | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.54 (1.000) |
Nausea management† | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.4) | 1.87 (.350) |
Readiness for resuscitative thoracotomy† | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.4) | 1.87 (.350) |
Airway management† | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.4) | 1.87 (.350) |
Endotracheal extubation† | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.4) | 1.87 (.350) |
Teaching: preoperative† | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.4) | 1.87 (.350) |
4. 대상자의 흉부 AIS 점수에 따른 간호중재 비교
Table 4.
Nursing intervention | n | AIS‡=3 (n=97) | AIS‡≥4 (n=23) | χ2 (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
n (%) | n (%) | |||
|
||||
Dressing† | 118 | 96 (99.0) | 22 (95.7) | 1.25 (.348) |
Oxygen therapy† | 118 | 97 (100.0) | 21 (91.3) | 8.58 (.035) |
Temperature regulation† | 117 | 96 (99.0) | 21 (91.3) | 4.48 (.094) |
Admission care† | 117 | 94 (96.9) | 23 (100.0) | 0.73 (.999) |
Surveillance† | 115 | 93 (95.9) | 22 (95.7) | 0.00 (.999) |
Specimen management† | 113 | 91 (93.8) | 22 (95.7) | 0.11 (.999) |
Wound care† | 112 | 90 (92.8) | 22 (95.7) | 0.25 (.999) |
Teaching: procedure/treatment† | 110 | 91 (93.8) | 19 (82.6) | 3.06 (.097) |
Emergency care† | 108 | 90 (92.8) | 18 (78.3) | 4.36 (.052) |
Tube care: urinary† | 106 | 84 (86.6) | 22 (95.7) | 1.48 (.301) |
Patient rights protection | 105 | 84 (86.6) | 21 (91.3) | 0.38 (.733) |
Skin surveillance | 102 | 82 (84.5) | 20 (87.0) | 0.09 (.999) |
Physician support | 97 | 76 (78.4) | 21 (91.3) | 2.01 (.239) |
Intravenous (IV) insertion | 96 | 83 (85.6) | 13 (56.5) | 9.80 (.004) |
Traction/Immobilization care | 93 | 79 (81.4) | 14 (60.9) | 4.51 (.034) |
Urinary elimination management | 83 | 71 (73.2) | 12 (52.2) | 3.85 (.050) |
Medication administration: intravenous | 56 | 41 (42.3) | 15 (65.2) | 3.93 (.047) |
Pain management | 47 | 36 (37.1) | 11 (47.8) | 0.90 (.344) |
Health care information exchange | 45 | 31 (32.0) | 14 (60.9) | 6.63 (.010) |
Fluid resuscitation | 38 | 26 (26.8) | 12 (52.2) | 5.53 (.019) |
Splinting | 38 | 26 (26.8) | 12 (52.2) | 5.53 (.019) |
Medication administration: intradermal | 35 | 30 (30.9) | 5 (21.7) | 0.76 (.383) |
Invasive hemodynamic monitoring | 30 | 14 (14.4) | 16 (69.6) | 30.14 (<.001) |
Urinary catheterization | 30 | 26 (26.8) | 4 (17.4) | 0.88 (.349) |
Sedation management | 28 | 20 (20.6) | 8 (34.8) | 2.09 (.149) |
Tube care: chest | 18 | 7 (7.2) | 11 (47.8) | 24.05 (<.001) |
Respiratory monitoring | 16 | 9 (9.3) | 7 (30.4) | 7.20 (.014) |
Artificial airway management | 16 | 9 (9.3) | 7 (30.4) | 7.20 (.014) |
Tube care: gastrointestinal | 16 | 8 (8.2) | 8 (34.8) | 11.33 (.003) |
Airway suctioning | 16 | 10 (10.3) | 6 (26.1) | 4.01 (.080) |
Mechanical ventilation management: invasive | 16 | 9 (9.3) | 7 (30.4) | 7.20 (.014) |
Airway insertion and stabilization† | 13 | 7 (7.2) | 6 (26.1) | 6.85 (.018) |
Support of transportation by helicopter† | 12 | 9 (9.3) | 3 (13.0) | 0.29 (.698) |
Central venous access device management† | 12 | 4 (4.1) | 8 (34.8) | 19.42 (<.001) |
Blood product administration† | 11 | 3 (3.1) | 8 (34.8) | 22.42 (<.001) |
Allergy management† | 10 | 3 (3.1) | 7 (30.4) | 18.20 (<.001) |
Laboratory data interpretation† | 9 | 5 (5.2) | 4 (17.4) | 4.01 (.067) |
Surgical preparation† | 6 | 1 (1.0) | 5 (21.7) | 16.79 (.001) |
Patient identification† | 5 | 5 (5.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1.24 (.582) |
Analgesic administration† | 4 | 4 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.98 (1.000) |
Support for transcatheter embolization† | 2 | 1 (1.0) | 1 (4.3) | 1.25 (.348) |
Resuscitation† | 2 | 1 (1.0) | 1 (4.3) | 1.25 (.348) |
Medication administration: intramuscular† | 1 | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.24 (1.000) |
Self-care assistance: toileting† | 1 | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.24 (1.000) |
Pressure ulcer prevention† | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.3) | 4.25 (.192) |
Nausea management† | 1 | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.24 (1.000) |
Readiness for resuscitative thoracotomy† | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.3) | 4.25 (.192) |
Airway management† | 1 | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.24 (1.000) |
Endotracheal extubation† | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.3) | 4.25 (.192) |
Teaching: preoperative† | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.3) | 4.25 (.192) |